Lipoxygenase-substrate research
Sigma L1376 explicitly documents linoleic acid as a substrate for measuring lipoxygenase activity. [5]
01
THE ESSENTIALS
Linoleic Acid in 30 Seconds
A CH₂ group separates the two cis double bonds: C9=C10 and C12=C13. They are methylene-interrupted, not conjugated. Counting from the methyl end places the first double bond at n-6.
Linoleic acid is the 9Z,12Z C18 diene, a nonconjugated omega-6 fatty acid. It is distinct from linolenic acids and conjugated-linoleic-acid isomer mixtures. [1] [3]
Safety at a glance — TCI L0124 identifies eye irritation and possible long-lasting aquatic harm, with air/light/heat sensitivity and inert-gas refrigerated storage. Sigma specifies −20 °C despite ambient shipment; Wako’s lower-assay product specifies room temperature. Follow the exact product rather than a universal rule, control contact/environmental release, and request oxidation and stability documentation. [4] [5] [6]
Condensed connectivity schematic; see the specified stereochemical identity below. [1]
02
GO A LITTLE DEEPER
Understanding Linoleic Acid
THE SIMPLE EXPLANATION
The functional groups
A CH₂ group separates the two cis double bonds: C9=C10 and C12=C13. They are methylene-interrupted, not conjugated. Counting from the methyl end places the first double bond at n-6. [1]
A LITTLE DEEPER
What the structure changes
The methylene between the double bonds is a bis-allylic site relevant to oxidation chemistry. Air/light/heat exposure and oxidation products require product-specific controls. Biological nutrient context is separate from purchasing a free-acid laboratory reagent. [1] [12]
Technical detail Identity, dissociation & specification
The molecular identity specifies carbon count and double-bond geometry. A salt, ester, oil blend or oxidation product is separately identified. Overall assay, acid equivalents, isomer composition and package measurement basis remain separate specifications. [1] [2] [4] [5] [6]
Acid–base reference values describe equilibria under specified conditions. They are not a substitute for a validated formulation or an assay on the purchased lot.
03
MAKE THE CONNECTION
How Linoleic Acid Compares
Similar names and functional groups do not mean interchangeable chemicals.
SIDE-BY-SIDE COMPARISON
Linoleic Acid vs Oleic Acid
C18 cis,cis nonconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid
versusC18 cis monounsaturated fatty acid
Fixed comparison for this prototype. Acid selectors are disabled; additional comparisons are coming later.
| Property | Linoleic Acid | Oleic Acid |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C₁₈H₃₂O₂ [1] | C₁₈H₃₄O₂ [7] |
| Molecular weight | 280.4 g/mol [1] | 282.5 g/mol [7] |
| Carbon atoms | 18 [1] | 18 [7] |
| Carboxyl groups | 1 [1] | 1 [7] |
| Structure | HOOC–(CH₂)₇–CH=CH–CH₂–CH=CH–(CH₂)₄–CH₃ · 9Z,12Z [1] | HOOC–(CH₂)₇–CH=CH–(CH₂)₇–CH₃ · 9Z [7] |
| Chemical family | C18 cis,cis nonconjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid [1] | C18 cis monounsaturated fatty acid [7] |
| Identity focus | Specified cis free acid; isomer/composition limits separate [1] | Specified cis free acid; isomer/composition limits separate [7] |
| pKa context | 4.77 (water, 25 °C; IUPAC compilation; ionic strength/method not established) [2] | 5.02 (aqueous solution, 25 °C; Riddick reference; ionic strength/method not established) [11] |
Chemical identities are compared here; supplier grades, concentrations, and stereochemical specifications are separate purchasing attributes. pKa values retain their stated conditions; no quantitative solubility ranking is implied. The structure schematic does not encode stereochemistry.
When Might You Choose One Instead of the Other?
Choose 9Z,12Z linoleic acid for a specified diene or enzyme-substrate method; choose oleic acid for a monoene target. Require position/geometry, oxidation limits and formulation identity before considering a substitution or dietary-grade claim. [1] [3] [7]
Specified starting material
Linoleic Acid
Match HOOC–(CH₂)₇–CH=CH–CH₂–CH=CH–(CH₂)₄–CH₃ · 9Z,12Z and the method’s required chemical form.
Oleic Acid
Match HOOC–(CH₂)₇–CH=CH–(CH₂)₇–CH₃ · 9Z; verify the identity before substituting a related acid.
Before choosing: match the reaction or formulation, then verify the exact form, grade, assay basis, and impurities. These contexts do not establish suitability for an industrial or regulated application.
04
FROM STRUCTURE TO APPLICATION
What Is Linoleic Acid Used For?
Lipoxygenase-substrate research
Sigma L1376 explicitly documents linoleic acid as a substrate for measuring lipoxygenase activity. This is direct laboratory use with method-specific preparation, not a certified clinical or nutritional product. [5]
Hydroperoxide research precursor
Sigma documents preparation of linoleic-acid hydroperoxide samples for oxidation studies. These products are derivatives/oxidation products; the role of the starting free acid is intermediate use. [5]
06
SOURCE WITH CONTEXT
Linoleic Acid Suppliers
Compare specific products and package options. Listings are not ranked recommendations.
3 suppliers · 3 products · 11 package listingsLatest supplier check: October 3, 2026
Package sizes stay grouped under the supplier product. Assay methods, product forms, and regional markets remain visible. TCI 97% GC/titration liquid is packaged by mass, Sigma ≥98% has an unstated method, and Wako 88% capillary-GC material is packaged by volume. Wako’s 88% assay is not aqueous concentration. Sigma’s alpha-linoleic title is checked against CAS and 9Z,12Z structure, not confused with alpha-linolenic acid.
Scroll horizontally if needed. Supplier and package identity stay visible.
| Supplier | Product / Grade | Purity / Assay | Package Size | Public Price | Normalized Price | Documentation | Last Checked | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCI AmericaLinoleic Acid | Named grade not statedL0124 · 5 gLiquid packaged in ampoules by mass; refrigerated 0–10 °C, inert gas and protection from light/air/heat. | GC: minimum 97.0% Neutralization titration: minimum 97.0% | 5 g | $68.00USD · US public price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | Document notes: TCI America
| View Product: TCI America, L0124 · 5 g (opens new tab) | |
| Named grade not statedL0124 · 25 gLiquid packaged in ampoules by mass; refrigerated 0–10 °C, inert gas and protection from light/air/heat. | GC: minimum 97.0% Neutralization titration: minimum 97.0% | 25 g | $179.00USD · US public price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: TCI America, L0124 · 25 g (opens new tab) | |||
| Sigma-AldrichLinoleic Acid | Named grade not statedL1376-10MGCAS and stereochemical structure specify 9Z,12Z linoleic acid despite “α-Linoleic acid” title; not alpha-linolenic acid. 5 g / 25 g list prices shown; promotional USD 79.13 / 307.70 also displayed. −20 °C storage, ambient shipment. | Minimum 98%; method not stated | 10 mg | $29.00USD · US public list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | Document notes: Sigma-Aldrich
| View Product: Sigma-Aldrich, L1376-10MG (opens new tab) | |
| Named grade not statedL1376-500MGCAS and stereochemical structure specify 9Z,12Z linoleic acid despite “α-Linoleic acid” title; not alpha-linolenic acid. 5 g / 25 g list prices shown; promotional USD 79.13 / 307.70 also displayed. −20 °C storage, ambient shipment. | Minimum 98%; method not stated | 500 mg | $54.60USD · US public list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: Sigma-Aldrich, L1376-500MG (opens new tab) | |||
| Named grade not statedL1376-1GCAS and stereochemical structure specify 9Z,12Z linoleic acid despite “α-Linoleic acid” title; not alpha-linolenic acid. 5 g / 25 g list prices shown; promotional USD 79.13 / 307.70 also displayed. −20 °C storage, ambient shipment. | Minimum 98%; method not stated | 1 g | $60.10USD · US public list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: Sigma-Aldrich, L1376-1G (opens new tab) | |||
| Named grade not statedL1376-5GCAS and stereochemical structure specify 9Z,12Z linoleic acid despite “α-Linoleic acid” title; not alpha-linolenic acid. 5 g / 25 g list prices shown; promotional USD 79.13 / 307.70 also displayed. −20 °C storage, ambient shipment. | Minimum 98%; method not stated | 5 g | $93.10USD · US public list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: Sigma-Aldrich, L1376-5G (opens new tab) | |||
| Named grade not statedL1376-10GCAS and stereochemical structure specify 9Z,12Z linoleic acid despite “α-Linoleic acid” title; not alpha-linolenic acid. 5 g / 25 g list prices shown; promotional USD 79.13 / 307.70 also displayed. −20 °C storage, ambient shipment. | Minimum 98%; method not stated | 10 g | $178.00USD · US public list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: Sigma-Aldrich, L1376-10G (opens new tab) | |||
| Named grade not statedL1376-25GCAS and stereochemical structure specify 9Z,12Z linoleic acid despite “α-Linoleic acid” title; not alpha-linolenic acid. 5 g / 25 g list prices shown; promotional USD 79.13 / 307.70 also displayed. −20 °C storage, ambient shipment. | Minimum 98%; method not stated | 25 g | $362.00USD · US public list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: Sigma-Aldrich, L1376-25G (opens new tab) | |||
| FUJIFILM WakoLinoleic Acid | Wako 1st Grade126-03612Research / further manufacturing; Japan stock does not confirm US availability. Lower-assay neat liquid product, not an 88% aqueous solution. Volume packages are not normalized against higher-assay mass packages; impurities and isomer composition require lot documentation. | 88.0+% (Capillary GC) | 25 mL | $45.00USD · US catalog list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | Document notes: FUJIFILM Wako
| View Product: FUJIFILM Wako, 126-03612 (opens new tab) | |
| Wako 1st Grade128-03611Research / further manufacturing; Japan stock does not confirm US availability. Lower-assay neat liquid product, not an 88% aqueous solution. Volume packages are not normalized against higher-assay mass packages; impurities and isomer composition require lot documentation. | 88.0+% (Capillary GC) | 100 mL | $84.00USD · US catalog list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: FUJIFILM Wako, 128-03611 (opens new tab) | |||
| Wako 1st Grade120-03615Research / further manufacturing; Japan stock does not confirm US availability. Lower-assay neat liquid product, not an 88% aqueous solution. Volume packages are not normalized against higher-assay mass packages; impurities and isomer composition require lot documentation. | 88.0+% (Capillary GC) | 500 mL | $333.00USD · US catalog list price | Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ | View Product: FUJIFILM Wako, 120-03615 (opens new tab) |
TCI America
Linoleic Acid
Neutralization titration: minimum 97.0%
Named grade not stated
Liquid packaged in ampoules by mass; refrigerated 0–10 °C, inert gas and protection from light/air/heat.
5 g
L0124 · 5 g- Public price
- $68.00USD · US public price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
25 g
L0124 · 25 g- Public price
- $179.00USD · US public price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
Documentation
Document notes: TCI America
- A product-specific certificate retrieval option was visible; no lot certificate was reviewed. Open the product page and use its certificate section.
- A current regional SDS was not verified in this pass.
- Origin-document availability was not verified. Country of origin is unverified and is not inferred.
Last checked:
Sigma-Aldrich
Linoleic Acid
Named grade not stated
CAS and stereochemical structure specify 9Z,12Z linoleic acid despite “α-Linoleic acid” title; not alpha-linolenic acid. 5 g / 25 g list prices shown; promotional USD 79.13 / 307.70 also displayed. −20 °C storage, ambient shipment.
10 mg
L1376-10MG- Public price
- $29.00USD · US public list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
500 mg
L1376-500MG- Public price
- $54.60USD · US public list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
1 g
L1376-1G- Public price
- $60.10USD · US public list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
5 g
L1376-5G- Public price
- $93.10USD · US public list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
10 g
L1376-10G- Public price
- $178.00USD · US public list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
25 g
L1376-25G- Public price
- $362.00USD · US public list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
Documentation
Document notes: Sigma-Aldrich
- A product-specific certificate retrieval option was visible; no lot certificate was reviewed. Open the product page and use its certificate section.
- A current regional SDS was not verified in this pass.
- Origin-document availability was not verified. Country of origin is unverified and is not inferred.
Last checked:
FUJIFILM Wako
Linoleic Acid
Wako 1st Grade
Research / further manufacturing; Japan stock does not confirm US availability. Lower-assay neat liquid product, not an 88% aqueous solution. Volume packages are not normalized against higher-assay mass packages; impurities and isomer composition require lot documentation.
25 mL
126-03612- Public price
- $45.00USD · US catalog list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
100 mL
128-03611- Public price
- $84.00USD · US catalog list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
500 mL
120-03615- Public price
- $333.00USD · US catalog list price
- Normalized price
- Not comparedGrades, assay bases, or forms differ
Documentation
Document notes: FUJIFILM Wako
- A product-specific certificate retrieval option was visible; no lot certificate was reviewed. Open the product page and use its certificate section.
- A current regional SDS was not verified in this pass.
- Origin-document availability was not verified. Country of origin is unverified and is not inferred.
Last checked:
Documentation evidence
COA = Certificate of Analysis · SDS = Safety Data Sheet · COO = Certificate of Origin.
Lookup means a retrieval option was visible, not that a lot certificate was reviewed. Check supplier means availability or the applicable document was not verified.
Prices may vary by quantity, account, contract, geography, and availability. These products have different grades, assay bases, or forms; no normalized comparison is shown. Foreign-market prices are reference listings only. No currency conversion, mass-to-volume conversion, or ranking is applied. Confirm equivalent specifications and a current quote before comparison. [4] [5] [6]
Verification limits & placement policy
pKa: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. IUPAC aqueous compilation gives 4.77 at 25 °C; ionic strength/method unestablished. Retained as a compiled reference, not an emulsion/interface constant. Melting point: CONFLICT UNRESOLVED. −5 °C and −6.9 °C sources differ; composition/method cause unestablished. Boiling point: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 177 °C at 0.5 mmHg and 229–230 °C at 16 mmHg retain their different pressures; no ordinary atmospheric value inferred. Solubility / density: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. Temperature retained; Wako density belongs to the 88% product. No mass/volume normalized price inferred. Stereochemistry / formulation: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 9Z,12Z identity is verified, while quantitative isomer and oxidation impurity limits remain unverified. No linolenic or CLA-mixture identity substituted.
Only the displayed identity, specification, packages, public prices and stated documentation evidence were reviewed. Current stock, lead times, shipping eligibility, contract pricing, lot certificates, and regulatory suitability are unverified.
There are no paid placements. Future paid listings will show “Sponsored” in both views; payment will not determine chemistry interpretation or imply a ranking.
07
PLAN A LARGER ORDER
Need Linoleic Acid in Bulk?
Turn your requirements into a clear supplier brief.
Bulk RFQ feature — coming soon. Prototype form: submissions are not currently sent to suppliers. Use sample details to prepare an on-screen brief.
Prepare a bulk request Prototype form
08
A BUYER’S CHECKLIST
Before You Buy Linoleic Acid
Selections remain only while this page is open.
09
FOR YOUR REFERENCE
Linoleic Acid Technical Reference
Identity, product reference properties, and handling context.
Identification Names, formula & identifiers
- Principal CAS
- 60-33-3
- Identity focus
- Specified cis free acid; isomer/composition limits separate
- Formula
- C₁₈H₃₂O₂
- Molecular weight
- 280.4 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid
- Connectivity SMILES
- CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O
- Identity SMILES
- CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C18H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b7-6-,10-9-
- PubChem CID
- 5280450
Connectivity SMILES describes connectivity; it is not an independent stereochemical assignment. CAS and product-form distinctions are supported by the supplier listings. [1] [4] [5] [6]
Physical Properties Product references & conditions
Liquid at 20 °C. Product temperatures and composition affect the relevant physical and storage specification; a mass-filled ampoule is not a solid product. [13] [4] [5]
- Melting references
- TCI/Sigma: −5 °C; attributed CRC: −6.9 °C. Cause of discrepancy not established. [4]
- Reduced-pressure boiling references
- TCI: 177 °C at 0.5 mmHg; Sigma: 229–230 °C at 16 mmHg [4]
- Liquid-density reference
- Attributed CRC: 0.9022 g/cm³ at 20 °C; Wako range 0.900–0.908 g/mL at 20 °C is for its lower-assay product [13]
- Water-solubility reference
- Attributed Mabrouk/Dugan: 1.59 mg/L at 25 °C; method context not established in the compilation [13]
Hydrate, concentration, stereoisomer, and temperature can change the relevant specification. Product reference data are not a reviewed lot certificate.
Acid/Base Properties Verified values & missing data
Reference pKa: 4.77 (water, 25 °C; IUPAC compilation; ionic strength/method not established). [2]
pKa: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. IUPAC aqueous compilation gives 4.77 at 25 °C; ionic strength/method unestablished. Retained as a compiled reference, not an emulsion/interface constant. Melting point: CONFLICT UNRESOLVED. −5 °C and −6.9 °C sources differ; composition/method cause unestablished. Boiling point: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 177 °C at 0.5 mmHg and 229–230 °C at 16 mmHg retain their different pressures; no ordinary atmospheric value inferred. Solubility / density: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. Temperature retained; Wako density belongs to the 88% product. No mass/volume normalized price inferred. Stereochemistry / formulation: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 9Z,12Z identity is verified, while quantitative isomer and oxidation impurity limits remain unverified. No linolenic or CLA-mixture identity substituted.
Temperature, ionic strength, and the use of activities versus concentrations matter in quantitative work. These reference values are not buffer recipes.
Safety at a Glance Product-specific hazards
TCI L0124 identifies eye irritation and possible long-lasting aquatic harm, with air/light/heat sensitivity and inert-gas refrigerated storage. Sigma specifies −20 °C despite ambient shipment; Wako’s lower-assay product specifies room temperature. Follow the exact product rather than a universal rule, control contact/environmental release, and request oxidation and stability documentation. [4] [5] [6]
Hazard classifications can vary by concentration, product, supplier and jurisdiction. Review the SDS for the exact product before handling. This summary does not replace the SDS.
Supplier safety information and SDS retrieval (opens new tab)
A product-page safety classification is not verification of every regional SDS. Confirm product code, chemical form and current local document.
Review supplier documentation10
COMMON QUESTIONS
Linoleic Acid FAQ
What distinguishes Linoleic Acid?
A CH₂ group separates the two cis double bonds: C9=C10 and C12=C13. They are methylene-interrupted, not conjugated. Counting from the methyl end places the first double bond at n-6. [1]
How does it differ from Oleic Acid?
Oleic acid has only the 9Z bond; linoleic acid adds 12Z and loses two more hydrogens. Sorbic acid’s conjugated E,E diene is a different pattern. A diene label alone does not establish interchangeable reactivity or formulation function. [7]
What must a buyer specify?
TCI 97% GC/titration liquid is packaged by mass, Sigma ≥98% has an unstated method, and Wako 88% capillary-GC material is packaged by volume. Wako’s 88% assay is not aqueous concentration. Sigma’s alpha-linoleic title is checked against CAS and 9Z,12Z structure, not confused with alpha-linolenic acid. [4]
Are the listed products directly price-comparable?
No. The table retains differing grades, assay bases, forms, and markets. No normalized ranking or currency conversion is applied. [5]
What reference data still need checking?
pKa: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. IUPAC aqueous compilation gives 4.77 at 25 °C; ionic strength/method unestablished. Retained as a compiled reference, not an emulsion/interface constant. Melting point: CONFLICT UNRESOLVED. −5 °C and −6.9 °C sources differ; composition/method cause unestablished. Boiling point: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 177 °C at 0.5 mmHg and 229–230 °C at 16 mmHg retain their different pressures; no ordinary atmospheric value inferred. Solubility / density: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. Temperature retained; Wako density belongs to the 88% product. No mass/volume normalized price inferred. Stereochemistry / formulation: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 9Z,12Z identity is verified, while quantitative isomer and oxidation impurity limits remain unverified. No linolenic or CLA-mixture identity substituted.
Can I request a bulk quote here?
The RFQ is a prototype that prepares an on-screen brief. Nothing is sent to suppliers. Confirm actual bulk terms directly with the supplier.
11
TRACE THE INFORMATION
Sources & Editorial Notes
Identity and compiled reference values are separated from supplier-specific specifications. Structural comparisons and buyer guidance are editorial interpretation. Sources were checked October 3, 2026; supplier information can change.
- PubChem · chemical identity (opens new tab)
Neutral molecular identity verified independently through PUG REST; CAS also checked on all selected supplier products.
- PubChem / HSDB · dissociation references (opens new tab)
The cited reference and available conditions are retained; unspecified measurement conditions are not inferred.
- PubChem / HSDB · application references (opens new tab)
Attributed application records reviewed claim by claim. Free acid, intermediate, derivative and biological context are distinguished.
- TCI America · commercial product (opens new tab)
Direct product checked October 3, 2026. Identity, listed assay methods, packages, market, prices and documentation interfaces inspected. Lot certificates and stock are not verified.
- Sigma-Aldrich · commercial product (opens new tab)
Direct product checked October 3, 2026. Identity, listed assay methods, packages, market, prices and documentation interfaces inspected. Lot certificates and stock are not verified.
- FUJIFILM Wako · commercial product (opens new tab)
Direct product checked October 3, 2026. Identity, listed assay methods, packages, market, prices and documentation interfaces inspected. Lot certificates and stock are not verified.
- Oleic Acid · identity (opens new tab)
Primary structural comparison. Practical interpretation does not establish suitability.
- Stearic Acid · identity (opens new tab)
Related identity and structural relationship.
- Palmitic Acid · identity (opens new tab)
Related identity and structural relationship.
- Sorbic Acid · identity (opens new tab)
Related identity and structural relationship.
- Oleic Acid · dissociation references (opens new tab)
Only independently reviewed values are promoted into the comparison; no condition-free acidity ranking.
- OpenStax · Carboxylic-acid structure and properties (opens new tab)
General carboxylate resonance, acidity and structural interpretation; not authority for this acid’s quantitative constants.
- PubChem / HSDB · attributed physical references (opens new tab)
Attributed conditions reviewed; derivative contamination and unresolved discrepancies excluded from unqualified constants.
Review limits
pKa: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. IUPAC aqueous compilation gives 4.77 at 25 °C; ionic strength/method unestablished. Retained as a compiled reference, not an emulsion/interface constant. Melting point: CONFLICT UNRESOLVED. −5 °C and −6.9 °C sources differ; composition/method cause unestablished. Boiling point: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 177 °C at 0.5 mmHg and 229–230 °C at 16 mmHg retain their different pressures; no ordinary atmospheric value inferred. Solubility / density: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. Temperature retained; Wako density belongs to the 88% product. No mass/volume normalized price inferred. Stereochemistry / formulation: CONDITION-DEPENDENT. 9Z,12Z identity is verified, while quantitative isomer and oxidation impurity limits remain unverified. No linolenic or CLA-mixture identity substituted.
This informational prototype is not a supplier, quotation service, or endorsement of a product’s fitness for an application. Buyers should verify the applicable specification, certification, and regulatory requirements for their intended use.